Volume 1 - Issue 4, November - December 2025

This work investigated the dynamic performance of a constant current–constant voltage (CC–CV) battery charging strategy by comparing tuned and untuned control schemes for battery-supported electric vehicle applications. The primary objective was to evaluate how controller tuning influences voltage regulation, charging current behavior, state-of-charge evolution, settling time, and overshoot during the CC–CV transition. Simulation results confirmed that both control approaches satisfy the fundamental CC–CV charging requirements; however, the tuned CC–CV scheme consistently demonstrated superior dynamic performance. Improved voltage tracking, smoother current regulation, reduced overshoot, and faster settling time were observed in the tuned case, indicating enhanced transient response and improved charging stability. The SOC profiles further validated safe and efficient energy transfer without introducing abrupt charging dynamics. The comparative analysis highlights that appropriate controller tuning significantly enhances the effectiveness of the conventional CC–CV framework without increasing system complexity. By preserving the simplicity of the CC–CV structure while improving transient characteristics, the tuned strategy offers a practical and reliable solution for electric vehicle battery charging systems. Overall, the outcomes of this study demonstrate that tuningbased enhancement of CC–CV control provides a balanced tradeoff between performance improvement and implementation simplicity, making it well suited for real-world battery charging applications and future extensions toward intelligent and adaptive charging strategies.